Operation Enduring Freedom Horn of Africa, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam-Studies and Observations Group, Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage, National Intelligence and Security Agency, "First Complete Look at the CIA's National Clandestine Service Org Chart", "Secret CIA Units Playing Central Combat Role", "Special Operations Forces (SOF) and CIA Paramilitary Operations: Issues for Congress, CRS-2", "The most secretive unit in United States", "The CIA's Secret Army: The CIA's Secret Army", "When the CIA Interferes in Foreign Elections", "Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms", "CIA Secret Program: PM Teams Targeting Al Qaeda", "The CIA, the Press and Black Propaganda", The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters, "U.S. Freedman was posthumously awarded the Intelligence Star on January 5, 1993, for his "extraordinary heroism."[93]. Phone: 202-573-8647. email: david.maxwell161@gmail.com. The author refers to CIA's Special Activities Division as "a highly-classified branch of the CIA and the most effective, black operations force in the world. [185] Before leaving office, President George W. Bush authorized SAD's successful killing of eight senior al-Qaeda operatives via targeted air strikes. The program consisted of teams of SAC paramilitary officers organized to execute targeted killing operations against al Qaeda operatives around the world in any country. A senior U.S. counter-terrorism said U.S. intelligence agencies are "80 to 85 percent" certain that Saad bin Laden is dead. [298] There are 137 stars carved into the marble wall,[299][300] each one representing an officer. The success of these operations is believed to have caused senior Taliban leaders to significantly alter their operations and cancel key planning meetings. [18] Unlike other special missions units, SAC/SOG operatives combine special operations and clandestine intelligence capabilities in one individual. The team entered Uzbekistan nine days after the 9/11 attack[114][115] and linked up with the Northern Alliance in its safe haven of the Panjshir Valley as part of Task Force Dagger.[116]. On September 11, 2020, Admiral William McRaven revealed in an interview with the Michael Hayden Center that the decision to use burial at sea for the disposition of Osama Bin Laden's body following Operation Neptune Spear was a direct result of his experiences in the killing of Nabhan, citing a belief that the chances of operational success were greater if decisions and procedures were made "as routine as possible. TOF provides comprehensive family resiliency programs, financial support for the families of paramilitary officers killed in action, and it works behind the scenes to "quietly help those who quietly serve."[301]. Editors Note: This article has been updated to reflect that Jan. 5 was the date given by the DOD as a deadline for the CIA to provide a response to Millers letter and not the date by which DOD would cut off most of its support to the CIAs counterterrorism missions. This logical effort will, ultimately, better enable the U.S. government to fulfill its most sacred duty to the American people protecting their vital national interests and way of life from those adversaries and competitors who would endeavor to do them harm. This involves financial support for favored candidates, media guidance, technical support for public relations, get-out-the-vote or political organizing efforts, legal expertise, advertising campaigns, assistance with poll-watching, and other means of direct action. Attack Kills 8 In Border Area: Helicopters Raid Farm In Syrian Village; Al Qaeda Officer Was Target Of Rare Cross-Border attack", "U.S. Official: Unclear If Al Qaeda Coordinator Killed in Syria Raid", "Officials Say U.S. [147] There are plans being considered to have several U.S. Military special operations elements assigned to CIA after the withdrawal. 10th SFG soldiers were awarded three Silver Stars and six Bronze Stars with V for valor for this battle alone[165] and several paramilitary officers were awarded the Intelligence Star for valor in combat. [249][250] Experts speculated that these teams could have been determining the capability of these forces to defeat the Muammar Gaddafi regime and whether Al-Qaeda had a presence in these rebel elements. His mission was completely voluntary, but it required entry into a very hostile area without any support. Even during World War II, the idea of intelligence and special operations units not under strict military control was controversial. Upvote 5 Downvote [66] Deteriorating Cuban-American relations were made worse by the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. [119], In September 2009, the CIA planned on "deploying teams of spies, analysts and paramilitary operatives to Afghanistan, part of a broad intelligence 'surge' ordered by President Obama. You have to be at least 18 years old to work for CIA. [148], The Trump administration doubled down on the covert war in Afghanistan by increasing the number of paramilitary officers from SAD fighting alongside and leading the Afghan CTPT's, supported by Omega Teams from JSOC. [69] These teams linked up with U.S. Army Special Forces and Bolivian Special Forces to track down and capture Guevara, who was a special prize because of his leading role in the Cuban Revolution. programs we write about. As a CIA employee, youll also get the satisfaction of knowing your work is part of something bigger than yourself. President Ronald Reagans Executive Order 12333, which President George W. Bush amended with Executive Order 13470, similarly reinforced CIA primacy for paramilitary activities. In Crete, OSS paramilitary officers linked up with, equipped and fought alongside Greek resistance forces against the Axis occupation. Perhaps the most important change that will be required for U.S. Special Operations Command to assume full responsibility for U.S. government-sponsored paramilitary activities will be one of mindset. cia grs vs sadred gomphrena globosa magical properties 27 februari, 2023 . He ranked second to Mullah Muhammad Omar, the Taliban's founder and was known to be a close associate of Osama bin Laden. [157], In 2009, the Obama administration authorized continued lethal operations in Yemen by the CIA. It rarely happens on their end. The mission of training and leading guerrillas in due course went to the United States Army Special Forces, but those missions required to remain covert were performed by the (Deputy) Directorate of Plans and its successor the Directorate of Operations of the CIA. [215], On May 31, 2010, The New York Times reported that Mustafa Abu al Yazid (AKA Saeed al Masri), a senior operational leader for Al Qaeda, was killed in an American missile strike in Pakistan's tribal areas. More practically speaking, the CIA conducts paramilitary activities with the intention to effect some sort of fundamental change against a foreign target without the U.S. governments role ever being clearly evident, while the Defense Department conducts Operational Preparation of the Environment ostensibly in support of traditional military activities that might reasonably demonstrate a U.S. government role at some point. maximum profit -- at the expense of democracy, freedom, and our human future. [296], Sergeant Major (SgtMaj) Billy Waugh was a Special Forces soldier attached to the CIA in the 1960s. [181] The New York Times reported that during the raid U.S. forces killed several armed males who "posed a threat". [130] The station was located at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul and was led "by a veteran with an extensive background in paramilitary operations". 3 in al Qaeda following the capture of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in Pakistan;[282] and Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, the number two Taliban commander and the highest level Taliban commander apprehended in the Afghan War. Since September 11, 2001, however, the U.S. government has relied much more on SAC/SOG because fighting terrorists does not usually involve fighting other armies. CIA officials told him days after the crash that Lewis had jumped out of the plane, rather than remain inside. The CIAs primacy in matters of paramilitary activities is well-established through existing congressional legislation and presidential executive orders. When diplomacy fails, and war is unwise, the president calls on the CIA's Special Activities Division, a highly-classified branch of the CIA and the most effective, black operations force in the world. The sea-borne invasion force landed on April 17, and fighting lasted until April 19, 1961. [261][262] In October 2013, SAC was tasked with supporting moderate Syrian rebels to help engineer a stalemate and political settlement in the Syrian civil war. Further highlighting this confused perception, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence has previously argued that, in categorizing its clandestine activities, the Defense Department frequently labels them as Operational Preparation of the Environment to distinguish particular operations as traditional military activities and not as intelligence functions. U.S. officials had made it clear that no U.S. troops would be "on the ground", making the use of covert paramilitary operatives the only alternative. The OSS was responsible for training German and Austrian commandos for missions inside Nazi Germany. OSS also helped arm, train and supply resistance movements, including Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army in China and the Viet Minh in French Indochina, in areas occupied by the Axis powers. [236], In the early 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency and Britain's Secret Intelligence Service were ordered to overthrow the democratically-elected government of Iran, Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq, and re-install deposed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. [151], On November 5, 2002, a missile launched from a CIA-controlled Predator drone killed al-Qaeda members traveling in a remote area in Yemen. U.S. forces responded by blowing a large hole into the side of the compound. All of these Paramilitary Operations Officers operated through a CIA front organization called the Joint Advisory Commission, Korea (JACK), headquartered at Tongnae, a village near Pusan, on the peninsula's southeast coast. what is max age for paramilitary operations officer at CIA? Expands Its Taliban Hunt in Afghanistan", "Afghanistan War Enters New Stage as U.S. Military Prepares to Exit", "U.S. military teams, intelligence deeply involved in aiding Yemen on strikes", "Exclusive: CIA Aircraft Kills Terrorist", "CIA 'killed al-Qaeda suspects' in Yemen", "Same US military unit that got Osama bin laden killed Anwar al-Awlaki", "Breaking: It appears that Qasim al-Rimi, leader of the Yemen-based #AQAP, was the individual targeted & killed in a U.S. drone strike on Saturday, January 25 in Wadi Ubaidah, east of #Sanaa a longtime stronghold for the group. Clearly, U.S. Special Operations Command now has a much greater capacity to fulfill current and future paramilitary requirements that will only continue to grow in scale. Mulroy, a retired CIA paramilitary operations officer and U.S. Marine, an Afghanistan Veteran, and a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East, is a Senior Fellow at MEI. [163], SAD paramilitary teams entered Northern Iraq before the 2003 invasion. As a result, the idea was shelved. CIA paramilitary operations officers and US Army Green Berets in Afghanistan. Within 15 days of the September 11 th attacks, the CIA already had paramilitary operations officers on the ground. [110][111][112], During the SovietAfghan War in the 1980s, Paramilitary Operations Officers were instrumental in equipping Mujaheddin forces against the Soviet Army. [citation needed] Meanwhile, Ayman al-Zawahiri, the deputy to al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, issued a message calling for all Muslims to go to Somalia. Unfortunately, this line of effort was only funded for $10 million dollars in the FY18 NDAA, far beneath the amount needed given the scale of the challenge posed by these competitors. Additionally, the Defense Department already executes Special Access Programs that are waived and unacknowledged. [71], CIA Paramilitary Operations Officers trained and led Hmong tribesmen in Laos and Vietnam, and the actions of these officers were not known for several years. [18][31] Despite (or because of) SAC/SOG being the most covert unit in U.S. special operations, numerous books have been published on the exploits of CIA paramilitary officers, including Conboy and Morrison's Feet to the Fire: CIA Covert Operations in Indonesia, 19571958,[33] and Warner's Shooting at the Moon: The Story of America's Clandestine War in Laos. [98], On September 14, 2009, Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan, a senior al-Qaeda leader in East Africa as well as a senior leader in Shabaab, al Qaeda's surrogate in Somalia, was killed by elements of U.S. Special Operations. Upon the successful completion of the CST program, individuals are placed on one of two career tracks: Our site does not feature every educational option available on the market. PMOOs spend the majority of their careers serving out numerous short-term deployments or multi-year assignments in a variety of overseas locations. [104] This force responded to the complex al-Shabaab attack on the Banadir Regional Courthouse in Mogadishu that killed 25 civilians. [252][253] There was speculation that President Obama issued a covert action finding in March 2011 that authorizes the CIA to carry out a clandestine effort to provide arms and support to the Libyan opposition. [113], SAD paramilitary teams were active in Afghanistan in the 1990s in clandestine operations to locate and kill or capture Osama Bin Laden. The recommendation to consolidate paramilitary activities in the Defense Department previously met resistance from both the Pentagon and CIA for very different reasons that both stemmed from bureaucratic interests. Candidates need to be over 18 and under 35 years old, though under certain circumstances this upper age limit may be waived. your enemy. It covered only appropriated funds spent by intelligence agencies. Specialized. [160], On January 31, 2020, The New York Times reported that three U.S. officials "expressed confidence" that Qasim al-Raymi, the emir of AQAP was killed by the CIA on January 25,[161] in Al Abdiyah District, Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen. The Special Activities Division, sometimes referred to as the 'Special Operations Group', is made up of Paramilitary Operations Officers. One component of the Phoenix Program was involved in the capture and killing of suspected Viet Cong (VC) members. Many documents related to MERRIMAC were destroyed by the CIA in compliance with a recommendation from the Rockefeller Commission to destroy files, not in compliance with new rules. to Kill Terrorists", CIA Had Plan To Assassinate Qaeda Leaders, "CIA Plan Envisioned Hit Teams Killing al Qaeda Leaders", "Obama's National-Security Picks Cross the Line Between Spy and Soldier Daily Intel", "Trump's CIA Has Set up Teams to Kill Terrorists", "Surprise, Kill, Vanish: The Secret History of CIA Paramilitary Armies, Operators, and Assa", "Surprise, Kill, Vanish with Fred Burton and Annie Jacobsen", "Remembering CIA's Heroes: Nels "Benny" Benson", Star Agents: The anonymous stars in the CIA's Book of Honor memorialize covert operatives lost in the field, Review of Hotel California: The Clandestine War inside Iraq, Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw, Preparing the Battlefield: The Bush Administration steps up its secret moves against Iran, "Seven Pillars of Wisdom Triumph and Tragedy", Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, DEA Office of National Security Intelligence, Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, National Counterintelligence and Security Center, Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System, Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special_Activities_Center&oldid=1138372506, Non-military counterterrorist organizations, Paramilitary organizations based in the United States, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2022, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2022, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 2016present (as Special Activities Center), the use and tactical employment of an unusually wide degree of modern weaponry, high performance / tactical driving (on and off-road), surreptitious entry operations (picking or otherwise bypassing locks). The list includes key al-Qaeda leaders like Ayman al-Zawahiri and formerly included its deceased previous leader, Osama bin Laden. Prior to Graham Partners, Chris had over 25 years of Federal Government service, beginning his career as an enlisted U.S. Navy SEAL and then continuing as a Paramilitary Operations Officer with the Central Intelligence Agency. "[155][156] Harithi was on the run, pursued by several security forces who were looking for him and Muhammad Hamdi al-Ahdal, another suspect in the USS Cole bombing case. PMOOs lead and manage Covert Action programs, at the direction of President of the United States, and collect Foreign Intelligence vital to national security policymakers. [267] Many believe the president chose "to replace U.S. ground forces in Syria with personnel from the CIA's Special Activities Division and that the process has been underway for months. [200], On August 6, 2009, the CIA announced that Baitullah Mehsud was killed by a SAD/SOG drone strike in Pakistan. [59] Shortly thereafter, the five men were covertly returned to Tibet "to assess and organize the resistance" and selected another 300 Tibetans for training. [152] One of those in the car was Ali Qaed Senyan al-Harthi, al-Qaeda's chief operative in Yemen and a suspect in the October 2000 bombing of the destroyer USSCole. Close collaboration, coordination, and synchronization of efforts will reinforce the importance of interagency integration and demonstrate the wisdom of this undertaking. [79][80] A mechanical failure caused two-thirds of the submarine to break off during recovery,[78] but SAC recovered two nuclear-tipped torpedoes, cryptographic machines and the bodies of six Soviet submariners. [298][300][299] The other names remain secret, even in death. [192], In a National Public Radio (NPR) report dated February 3, 2008, a senior official stated that al-Qaeda has been "decimated" by SAD/SOG's air and ground operations. As part of the program, some DO officers will be expected to: This position requires a 5-year Contract Term Agreement. The CIA's Secret War in Tibet, Kenneth Conboy, James Morrison, The University Press of Kansas, 2002. [140][141] These units grew to include over 3,000 operatives by 2010 and have been involved in sustained heavy fighting against the enemy. [238][239] The senior CIA officer was Kermit Roosevelt, Jr., the grandson of American president Theodore Roosevelt. Some of these agents included exiled communists, socialist party members, labor activists, anti-Nazi POWs, and German and Jewish refugees. On October 17, 2001, the eight members of the CIA's Team Alpha[117] became the first Americans behind enemy lines when they were inserted into the Darya Suf Valley in two Black Hawk helicopters. The starting salary is $65,442 - $108,422. Capabilities and intentions of rogue nations, A bachelors degree from an accredited college or university, Experience in combat arms and/or military special operations. At that time, the United States accused the group of being controlled by al-Qaeda, but the Islamic Courts denied that charge. Over the last decade, China has built artificial islands and deployed paramilitary naval units to secure its illegal claim to the international waterways of the South China Sea all without. "We had no idea anything happened until we got back the next day, and that's when they told us that they went into a canyon and tried to turn around and got into bad air," he said. He advocated for covert actions to be fully incorporated in the U.S. National Security Strategy and the 2018 National Defense Strategy in the form of a Covert Action Annex and for covert actions to be fully funded to operate in support of overall objectives in the form of a Covert Action Fund.[42]. [247][248] In response, the Obama administration sent in SAC paramilitary operatives to assess the situation and gather information on the opposition forces. The program was also successful in destroying their infrastructure. SAC/SOG also conducts special reconnaissance that can be either military or intelligence driven and is carried out by Paramilitary Officers (also called Paramilitary Operatives or Paramilitary Operations Officers) when in "non-permissive environments". Rather, it involves secretly moving in and out of countries like Iran, Somalia, etc., where the American military is not legally allowed to operate. This reorganization might be affected through amendment of the existing reorganization requirements levied in Section 922 of the FY17 NDAA. Within this element, the Office of Special Warfare serves as the focal point for U.S. government-sponsored unconventional warfare. Dec. 11, 2009 -- The CIA and the military special forces have quietly expanded the role of private contractors, including Blackwater, to include their involvement in raids and secret paramilitary operations in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq, four current and former U.S. military and intelligence officers tell ABC News. *Successful candidates for this position may be eligible for a one-time hiring bonus of up to 25% of their base pay. Only a small number of the declassified CIA-led paramilitary campaigns between 1948 and 2001 were deemed successful, though propaganda and political covert actions fared better. The CIA's increasing corporate commitment to diversity in the 1990s applied not only to gender, but to race and ethnicity as well. June 29, 2022; medical bills on credit report hipaa violation letter; masajes con aceite de oliva para el cabello . Could someone become a paramilitary operations officer at 34? After the end of World War II, the U.S. agreed at Potsdam to turn Vietnam back to their previous French rulers, and in 1950 the U.S. began providing military aid to the French. Unbeknownst to many is the fact that U.S. Special Operations Command is already trained, equipped, and enabled to execute paramilitary operations. By Posted jordan schnitzer house In strengths and weaknesses of a volleyball player Already experienced in operations in Syria, the CIA has numerous paramilitary officers who have the skills to operate independently in harm's way. [128] The SAC team was unsuccessful, and "Bin Laden and bodyguards walked uncontested out of Tora Bora and disappeared into Pakistan's unregulated tribal area. [96], In June 2006, the Islamic Courts Union seized control of southern Somalia, including the country's capital Mogadishu, prompting the Ethiopian government to send in troops to try to protect the transitional government. Paramilitary tactics which involves the usage of individuals (in this case both trained CIA operatives, police or security forces, and indigenous warlords) who function like professional military but without any of the oversight or bureaucratic note-keeping are inherently unaccountable. Together, the SAC/SOG comprises a complete combined arms covert paramilitary force. In addition to multiple combat deployments to both Iraq and Afghanistan, Livermore led special operations elements during contingency operations around the world. 2002. Other strikes against key generals were successful and significantly degraded the command's ability to react to and maneuver against the U.S.-led invasion force. In a 2008 New York Times book review of Horse Soldiers, a book by Doug Stanton about the invasion of Afghanistan, Bruce Barcott wrote: The valor exhibited by Afghan and American soldiers, fighting to free Afghanistan from a horribly cruel regime, will inspire even the most jaded reader. [30], SAC's existence became better known as a result of the "War on Terror". [146], The U.S. has decided to lean heavily on CIA in general, and SAC specifically in their efforts to withdraw from Afghanistan as it did in Iraq. [63] This invasion followed the successful overthrow by the CIA of the Mosaddeq government in Iran in 1953[64] and Arbenz government in Guatemala in 1954,[65] but was a failure both militarily and politically. [289][291], SAC/SOG paramilitary officers executed the clandestine evacuation of U.S. citizens and diplomatic personnel in Somalia, Iraq (during the Persian Gulf War) and Liberia during periods of hostility, as well as the insertion of Paramilitary Operations Officers prior to the entry of U.S. military forces in every conflict since World War II. PMOOs serve as a distinct occupation in the Directorate of Operations (DO), using their military experience to conduct air, ground and maritime paramilitary operations, covert action as well as intelligence collection in austere and dangerous environments. When diplomacy fails, and war is unwise, the president calls on the CIA's Special Activities Division, a highly-classified branch of the CIA and the most effective, black operations force in the world. There is considerable controversy over claims that elements of the Pakistani government, particularly the ISI, may have been concealing the presence of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. In recent decades, the paramilitary force has seen heavy use in Central America, Angola. Our benefits support every aspect of a working professionals life, including health and wellness, time off, family, finances, and continuing education. [56], According to a book by retired CIA officer John Kenneth Knaus, entitled Orphans Of The Cold War: America And The Tibetan Struggle For Survival, Gyalo Thondup, the older brother of the 14th (and current) Dalai Lama, sent the CIA five Tibetan recruits. Ground Branch is a part of the CIA's Special Activities Division, which also includes Air Branch and Maritime Branch. [92], CIA sent in teams of Paramilitary Operations Officers into Somalia prior to the U.S. intervention in 1992. The name refers to the motto of CIA's Special Activities Center: Tertia Optio, the President's third option when military force is inappropriate and diplomacy is inadequate. The war has been largely turned over to SAC. The Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, trained and equipped by Eastern Bloc nations, defeated the exile-combatants in three days. The VC also imposed quotas. Commander In Afghanistan To Be Tested", "Legendary Marine Maj. Zembiec, the 'Lion of Fallujah,' died in the service of the CIA", "Comrades Speak of Fallen Marine and Ties That Bind", "US choppers attack Syrian village near Iraq border", "Syria: U.S. Other forms of covert action include propaganda to undermine confidence in or adherence to hostile governments and political action designed to support domestic parties in opposition to U.S. adversaries. During his time at MACV-SOG in Vietnam, he developed and conducted the first combat High Altitude-Low Opening (HALO) jump. [46] As such, paramilitary operations officers are trained to operate in a multitude of environments. [214], On February 20, Muhammad Haqqani, son of Jalaluddin Haqqani, was one of four people killed in the drone strike in Pakistan's tribal region in North Waziristan, according to two Pakistani intelligence sources. In December, the Islamic Courts warned Ethiopia they would declare war if Ethiopia did not remove all its troops from Somalia. Additionally, the report advised that the United States cannot afford to build two separate capabilities for carrying out secret military operations, secretly operating standoff missiles, and secretly training foreign military or paramilitary forces. In response, the Defense Department contracted a study that ultimately determined in 2005 that assuming control of paramilitary operations was inadvisable at that time given the Defense Departments lack of internal capability, discomfort with existing legal strictures on Title 50 authorities, and concern over potentially increased congressional oversight that would come with responsibility for paramilitary activities. Of critical importance, the Defense Department Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms defines a guerrilla force as a group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. Assuming primary responsibility for paramilitary activities will not place additional strain on U.S. Special Operations Command as all of the components of paramilitary operations are already part and parcel of their core mission. After almost two decades of mostly overt and highly kinetic counterterrorism activities conducted in Iraq and Afghanistan, an argument has been made that U.S. Special Operations Command, as an organization, lacks the mindset necessary for successfully executing irregular activities under politically sensitive conditions. At the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), we recognize our Nations strength comes from the diversity of its people. . [88][89] Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega was re-elected as President of Nicaragua in 2006 and took office again on January 10, 2007.
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